Deuteronomy 33
The full text of Deuteronomy 33 in the Trinity Bible Version — clear modern English, translated from the original Hebrew. Free to read.
1 This is the blessing that Moses the man of God pronounced on the Israelites before his death.
2 He said:
"The LORD came from Sinai
and dawned over them from Seir;
he shone forth from Mount Paran.
He came with myriads of holy ones from the south, from his mountain slopes.
3 Surely it is you who love the people;
all the holy ones are in your hand.
At your feet they bow down
and receive instruction from you,
4 the law that Moses gave us,
the possession of the assembly of Jacob.
5 He was king over Jeshurun
when the leaders of the people assembled,
along with the tribes of Israel.
6 "Let Reuben live and not die,
nor his people be few."
7 And this he said about Judah:
"Hear, LORD, the cry of Judah;
bring him to his people.
With his own hands he defends his cause.
Be his help against his foes!"
8 About Levi he said:
"Your Thummim and Urim belong to your faithful servant.
You tested him at Massah;
you contended with him at the waters of Meribah.
9 He said of his father and mother,
'I have no regard for them.'
He did not recognize his brothers
or acknowledge his own children,
but he watched over your word
and guarded your covenant.
10 He teaches your ordinances to Jacob
and your law to Israel.
He offers incense before you
and whole burnt offerings on your altar.
11 Bless all his skills, LORD,
and be pleased with the work of his hands.
Strike down those who rise against him,
his foes till they rise no more."
12 About Benjamin he said:
"Let the beloved of the LORD rest secure in him,
for he shields him all day long,
and the one the LORD loves rests between his shoulders."
13 About Joseph he said:
"May the LORD bless his land
with the precious dew from heaven above
and with the deep waters that lie below;
14 with the best the sun brings forth
and the finest the moon can yield;
15 with the choicest gifts of the ancient mountains and the fruitfulness of the everlasting hills;
16 with the best gifts of the earth and its fullness
and the favor of him who dwelt in the burning bush.
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,
on the brow of the prince among his brothers.
17 In majesty he is like a firstborn bull;
his horns are the horns of a wild ox.
With them he will gore the nations,
driving them to the ends of the earth.
Such are the ten thousands of Ephraim;
such are the thousands of Manasseh."
18 About Zebulun he said:
"Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out,
and you, Issachar, in your tents.
19 They will summon peoples to the mountain
and there offer the sacrifices of the righteous;
they will feast on the abundance of the seas,
on the treasures hidden in the sand."
20 About Gad he said:
"Blessed is he who enlarges Gad's domain!
Gad lives there like a lion,
tearing at arm or head.
21 He chose the best land for himself;
the leader's portion was kept for him.
When the heads of the people assembled,
he carried out the LORD's righteous will
and his judgments concerning Israel."
22 About Dan he said:
"Dan is a lion's cub,
springing out of Bashan."
23 About Naphtali he said:
"Naphtali is abounding with the favor of the LORD
and is full of his blessing;
he will inherit southward to the lake."
24 About Asher he said:
"Most blessed of sons is Asher;
let him be favored by his brothers,
and let him bathe his feet in oil.
25 The bolts of your gates will be iron and bronze,
and your strength will equal your days.
26 There is no one like the God of Jeshurun,
who rides across the heavens to help you
and on the clouds in his majesty.
27 The eternal God is your refuge,
and underneath are the everlasting arms.
He will drive out your enemy before you,
saying, 'Destroy him!'
28 So Israel will live in safety;
Jacob will dwell secure,
in a land of grain and new wine,
where the heavens drop dew.
29 Blessed are you, Israel!
Who is like you, a people saved by the LORD?
He is your shield and helper
and your glorious sword.
Your enemies will cower before you,
and you will tread on their heights."
Translation notes (15)
- Deuteronomy 33:2a The Blessing of Moses (verses 2-29) is written as poetry. Verse 2 is known to be difficult to translate. The standard Hebrew text reads 'eshdat lamo, which is traditionally understood as 'esh dat, meaning "a fiery law," but its exact meaning is unclear. Many scholars suggest alternative readings like "from his south" or "holy ones at his right hand," and ancient translations vary widely. The rendering "Myriads of holy ones" follows a common scholarly reconstruction. The imagery of God appearing from Sinai, Seir, and Paran with a heavenly army is also found in Habakkuk 3:3 and is linked to Galatians 3:19 and Acts 7:53, which describe the law being given through angels. The full discussion of this text and its theology is reserved for scholarly review.
- Deuteronomy 33:3a Verse 3 is grammatically challenging, with sudden changes in pronouns. The general meaning is that the LORD loves his people, and they submit at his feet to receive his words. The exact interpretation is uncertain, and ancient translations differ; this rendering aims to capture the general sense while acknowledging the difficulty, and further discussion is reserved for scholarly review.
- Deuteronomy 33:4a The Hebrew phrase "The possession of the assembly of Jacob" (morashah qehillat ya'aqov) means that the Torah, or law, is Israel's inheritance, belonging to the entire congregation. The Hebrew word qahal, meaning "assembly/congregation," is translated in the Septuagint as ekklesia.
- Deuteronomy 33:5a In the phrase "He was king over Jeshurun," the subject is unclear. Most naturally, it refers to the LORD becoming king when the people gathered (compare verse 26), though some interpret it as referring to Moses. "Jeshurun" is a poetic name for Israel (see note at 32:15). The ambiguity of the original text is preserved in the translation.
- Deuteronomy 33:6a The blessing for Reuben is brief, and its second line is ambiguous, meaning either "let his men be few" or, interpreted negatively, "nor let his men be few." Ancient translations and interpreters differ (the Septuagint adds Simeon here). This rendering reflects the more common positive understanding, while the ambiguity is reserved for scholarly review.
- Deuteronomy 33:8a "Thummim and Urim" were sacred objects used by priests to discover God's will (compare Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21). The names Massah and Meribah, meaning "testing" and "strife/contention," recall events in the wilderness. Here, the focus is on Levi's faithfulness as a priest, not on failure (in contrast to Moses at Meribah, Deuteronomy 32:51).
- Deuteronomy 33:9a This verse recalls the Levites' strong devotion at Sinai (Exodus 32:26-29), where their loyalty to the LORD was more important than family connections. This event is the basis for Levi's selection as priests, not a general rule against family.
- Deuteronomy 33:12a The phrase "Rests between his shoulders" depicts a sense of close, protected security. This is often understood to refer either to Benjamin's territory, which contained the sanctuary, or to the LORD carrying his beloved people on his shoulders or back. The meaning of this imagery is subtly ambiguous and is preserved in the translation.
- Deuteronomy 33:16a The Hebrew phrase "Him who dwelt in the burning bush" (shokheni seneh) brings to mind the LORD's revelation to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:2-6). The phrase "the prince among his brothers" (nezir 'echav) indicates that Joseph was set apart or consecrated among the tribes.
- Deuteronomy 33:17a "Wild ox" translates the Hebrew word re'em, sometimes traditionally rendered "unicorn," which refers to a now-extinct wild bovine, a common image of immense untamed strength. Ephraim and Manasseh are Joseph's two tribes, and this blessing describes Joseph's military might.
- Deuteronomy 33:21a Verse 21 is compressed and difficult; it refers to the tribe of Gad receiving the first portion of land east of the Jordan River and to its warriors crossing over to fight for all of Israel (see Numbers 32; Joshua 4:12-13). The exact meaning is uncertain, so the translation keeps the general sense and leaves the obscurity for further review.
- Deuteronomy 33:25a The phrase "Your strength will equal your days" translates the Hebrew uvyameikha dov'ekha. This is a difficult but much-loved line, probably meaning "as your days, so will your strength be"—strength sufficient for every day of life. The Hebrew word is rare, and the translation keeps the traditional, widely-accepted meaning.
- Deuteronomy 33:26a The phrase "Rides across the heavens... on the clouds" uses storm-theophany imagery, which describes God appearing in a storm, portraying the divine Rider (see Psalm 68:4, 33-34; Isaiah 19:1)—the incomparable LORD coming to Israel's aid. The coda, or concluding section (verses 26-29), shifts from the tribal blessings to praise of the LORD himself.
- Deuteronomy 33:27a "The eternal God is your refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms" is one of the best-loved lines in Scripture, picturing God as a dwelling-place and his everlasting arms as sure support. The Hebrew of the first words, me'onah 'elohei qedem, is slightly difficult, but the traditional, widely-loved translation is kept.
- Deuteronomy 33:29a The word "Blessed" translates the Hebrew 'ashreikha, part of the 'ashrei formula, and is kept as "Blessed" (rather than "Happy") due to a fixed translation decision. The Blessing of Moses concludes by declaring Israel uniquely "a people saved by the LORD," which is the climax of the whole book's vision.
About this translation
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