Genesis 49
The full text of Genesis 49 in the Trinity Bible Version — clear modern English, translated from the original Hebrew. Free to read.
1 Then Jacob called for his sons and said: "Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come."
2 "Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob;
listen to your father Israel.
3 "Reuben, you are my firstborn,
my might, the first sign of my strength,
excelling in honor, excelling in power.
4 "Turbulent as the waters, you will no longer excel,
for you went up onto your father's bed,
onto my couch and defiled it.
5 "Simeon and Levi are brothers—
their swords are weapons of violence.
6 "Let me not enter their council,
let me not join their assembly,
for they have killed men in their anger
and hamstrung oxen as they pleased.
7 "Cursed be their anger, so fierce,
and their fury, so cruel!
I will scatter them in Jacob
and disperse them in Israel.
8 "Judah, your brothers will praise you;
your hand will be on the neck of your enemies;
your father's sons will bow down to you.
9 "You are a lion's cub, Judah;
you return from the prey, my son.
Like a lion he crouches and lies down,
like a lioness—who dares to rouse him?
10 "The scepter will not depart from Judah,
nor the ruler's staff from between his feet,
until he to whom it belongs shall come
and the obedience of the nations shall be his.
11 "He will tether his donkey to a vine,
his colt to the choicest branch;
he will wash his garments in wine,
his robes in the blood of grapes.
12 "His eyes will be darker than wine,
his teeth whiter than milk.
13 "Zebulun will live by the seashore
and become a haven for ships;
his border will extend toward Sidon.
14 "Issachar is a rawboned donkey
lying down among the sheep pens.
15 "When he sees how good is his resting place
and how pleasant is his land,
he will bend his shoulder to the burden
and submit to forced labor.
16 "Dan will provide justice for his people
as one of the tribes of Israel.
17 "Dan will be a snake by the roadside,
a viper along the path,
that bites the horse's heels
so that its rider tumbles backward.
18 "I look for your deliverance, LORD.
19 "Gad will be attacked by a band of raiders,
but he will attack them at their heels.
20 "Asher's food will be rich;
he will provide delicacies fit for a king.
21 "Naphtali is a doe set free
that bears beautiful fawns.
22 "Joseph is a fruitful vine,
a fruitful vine near a spring,
whose branches climb over a wall.
23 "With bitterness archers attacked him;
they shot at him with hostility.
24 "But his bow remained steady,
his strong arms stayed limber,
because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob,
because of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel,
25 "because of your father's God, who helps you,
because of the Almighty, who blesses you
with blessings of the skies above,
blessings of the deep springs below,
blessings of the breast and womb.
26 "Your father's blessings are greater
than the blessings of the ancient mountains,
than the bounty of the age-old hills.
Let all these rest on the head of Joseph,
on the brow of the prince among his brothers.
27 "Benjamin is a ravenous wolf;
in the morning he devours the prey,
in the evening he divides the plunder."
28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing appropriate to him.
29 Then he gave them these instructions: "I am about to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite,
30 the cave in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre in Canaan, which Abraham bought along with the field as a burial place from Ephron the Hittite.
31 There Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah were buried, and there I buried Leah.
32 The field and the cave in it were bought from the Hittites."
33 When Jacob had finished giving instructions to his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered to his people.
Translation notes (14)
- Genesis 49:2a This verse is set as poetry, serving as the opening summons of the Blessing of Jacob, one of the oldest poems in the Hebrew Bible. Chapter 49 is presented as poetry throughout.
- Genesis 49:4a This line is terse. The Hebrew phrase pachaz ka-mayim means 'turbulent/unstable as water,' and this, along with the shift from second-person to third-person ('he went up'), reflects the rough, archaic Hebrew, which is preserved in the translation rather than smoothed out.
- Genesis 49:5a The Hebrew word mekheroteihem is obscure; it could mean 'their swords,' 'their plans,' or 'their kinship.' The translation here uses the most defensible meaning and indicates the difficulty.
- Genesis 49:8a There is a wordplay here: the name Judah (Yehudah) and the Hebrew word yodukha, meaning 'will praise,' share a common root.
- Genesis 49:10a Hebrew 'ad ki-yavo Shiloh is one of the most disputed phrases in the Bible. Readings include: "until Shiloh comes" (a name/title, traditional messianic reading), "until he comes to whom it belongs" (reading shellô; cf. Ezek 21:27, LXX), and "until tribute comes to him" (shay loh). TBV adopts the "to whom it belongs" reading in the text and documents the alternatives; this is a debate-level crux.
- Genesis 49:12a The comparisons in this verse can also be understood as causes, such as 'his eyes dark from wine, his teeth white from milk,' which paints an image of plenty. The Hebrew word min can convey both comparative and causal meanings.
- Genesis 49:14a The Hebrew word mishpetayim is uncertain in its meaning; it could refer to 'sheep pens,' 'saddlebags,' or 'two hearths/campfires.'
- Genesis 49:16a There is a wordplay here: the name Dan and the Hebrew word yadin, meaning 'will judge' or 'provide justice,' share a common root.
- Genesis 49:18a This is a sudden first-person prayer interjected into the blessings. The divine name YHWH is rendered as 'LORD' here, following a consistent translation decision, and its abrupt placement in the text is preserved, not smoothed over.
- Genesis 49:19a There is a dense wordplay on the name Gad: the Hebrew phrase gedud yegudennu ve-hu yagud means 'a raiding band raids him, but he raids at their heel.'
- Genesis 49:21a The meaning of the second line is uncertain; it could mean 'that bears beautiful fawns' or 'that gives/utters beautiful words.' The Hebrew phrase imre-shafer is genuinely ambiguous.
- Genesis 49:22a The Hebrew in this verse is very difficult to translate. The traditional translation of 'fruitful vine/bough' is based on the Hebrew phrase ben porat, but an alternative interpretation reads 'Joseph is a wild colt... by a spring,' with banot tsa'adah understood as 'wild donkeys.' The translation adopts the agricultural image and notes the difficulty of the text.
- Genesis 49:24a The Hebrew titles in this verse are rich in meaning, including 'avir Ya'aqov, meaning 'the Mighty One of Jacob'; ro'eh, meaning 'Shepherd'; and 'even Yisra'el, meaning 'Rock/Stone of Israel.' The middle part of the verse is textually rough, but the divine titles are translated clearly.
- Genesis 49:26a This comparison line is difficult to translate. An old reading, supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament, gives 'blessings of the eternal mountains.' The translation preserves the sense of a surpassing, age-old blessing.
About this translation
The Trinity Bible Version (TBV) is Trinity Bible's own translation of Scripture, made directly from the original Hebrew rather than revised from an older English Bible. Completed in 2026, it is the most modern English Bible translation available, and it is exclusive to Trinity Bible. Reading the TBV here on the web is free — the full study edition, with original-language tools and notes on every verse, lives in the Trinity Bible app.
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