1 Chronicles 21
The full text of 1 Chronicles 21 in the Trinity Bible Version — clear modern English, translated from the original Hebrew. Free to read.
1 Satan rose up against Israel and incited David to take a census of Israel.
2 So David said to Joab and the commanders of the troops, 'Go and count the Israelites from Beersheba to Dan. Then report back to me so that I may know how many there are.'
3 But Joab replied, 'May the LORD multiply his troops a hundred times over. My lord the king, are they not all my lord's subjects? Why does my lord want to do this? Why should he bring guilt on Israel?'
4 The king's word, however, overruled Joab; so Joab left and went throughout Israel and then came back to Jerusalem.
5 Joab reported the number of the fighting men to David: In all Israel there were one million one hundred thousand men who could handle a sword, including four hundred and seventy thousand in Judah.
6 But Joab did not include Levi and Benjamin in the numbering, because the king's command was repulsive to him.
7 This command was also evil in the sight of God; so he punished Israel.
8 Then David said to God, 'I have sinned greatly by doing this. Now, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant. I have done a very foolish thing.'
9 The LORD said to Gad, David's seer, 'Go and tell David,'
10 'This is what the LORD says: I am giving you three options. Choose one of them for me to carry out against you.'
11 So Gad went to David and said to him, 'This is what the LORD says: Take your choice:'
12 'three years of famine, or three months of being swept away before your enemies, with their swords overtaking you, or three days of the sword of the LORD — days of plague in the land, with the angel of the LORD ravaging every part of Israel.' Now then, decide how I should answer the one who sent me.
13 David said to Gad, 'I am in deep distress. Let me fall into the hands of the LORD, for his mercy is very great; but do not let me fall into human hands.'
14 So the LORD sent a plague on Israel, and seventy thousand men of Israel fell dead.
15 And God sent an angel to destroy Jerusalem. But as the angel was doing so, the LORD saw it and relented concerning the disaster and said to the angel who was destroying the people, 'Enough! Withdraw your hand.' The angel of the LORD was then standing at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
16 David looked up and saw the angel of the LORD standing between heaven and earth, with a drawn sword in his hand extended over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell facedown.
17 David said to God, 'Was it not I who ordered the fighting men to be counted? I am the one who has sinned and done wrong. These are but sheep. What have they done? LORD my God, let your hand fall on me and my family, but do not let this plague remain on your people.'
18 Then the angel of the LORD ordered Gad to tell David to go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
19 So David went up in obedience to the word that Gad had spoken in the name of the LORD.
20 While Araunah was threshing wheat, he turned and saw the angel; his four sons who were with him hid themselves.
21 David came to Araunah, and Araunah looked and saw David. He left the threshing floor and bowed down before David with his face to the ground.
22 David said to him, 'Let me have the site of your threshing floor so I can build an altar to the LORD, that the plague on the people may be stopped. Sell it to me at the full price.'
23 Araunah said to David, 'Take it! Let my lord the king do whatever pleases him. Look, I will give the oxen for the burnt offerings, the threshing sledges for the wood, and the wheat for the grain offering. I will give all this.'
24 But King David replied to Araunah, 'No, I insist on paying the full price. I will not take for the LORD what is yours, or sacrifice a burnt offering that costs me nothing.'
25 So David paid Araunah six hundred shekels of gold for the site.
26 David built an altar to the LORD there and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. He called on the LORD, and the LORD answered him with fire from heaven on the altar of burnt offering.
27 Then the LORD spoke to the angel, and he put his sword back into its sheath.
28 At that time, when David saw that the LORD had answered him on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, he offered sacrifices there.
29 The tabernacle of the LORD, which Moses had made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt offering were at that time on the high place at Gibeon.
30 But David could not go before it to inquire of God, because he was afraid of the sword of the angel of the LORD.
Translation notes (8)
- 1 Chronicles 21:1a The parallel at 2 Samuel 24:1 reads that the LORD's anger incited David. Here the Hebrew satan stands without the definite article, so it may be read as a proper name or as 'an adversary,' the sense it carries at 1 Kings 11:14 and 11:23. Both accounts of the census are given as they stand, and the relationship between them is not decided here.
- 1 Chronicles 21:5a The parallel account in 2 Samuel 24:9 gives eight hundred thousand for Israel and five hundred thousand for Judah. The divergence may reflect different methods of counting, such as whether the standing army or the tribe of Benjamin was included (compare verse 6), or an early scribal variant in the transmission of large numbers, a known difficulty in Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 21:6a The exclusion of Levi accords with Numbers 1:49, where that tribe is exempted from military registration. No such provision covers Benjamin; its omission is often connected to Joab's abandonment of the census before completion, since the tabernacle stood at Gibeon in Benjaminite territory. The Hebrew nitav, 'was repulsive', marks Joab's revulsion as the stated motive.
- 1 Chronicles 21:7a The Hebrew literally reads, 'the matter was evil in the eyes of God'. This expression indicates divine disapproval of David's command to number Israel, which resulted in punishment.
- 1 Chronicles 21:12a Hebrew shalosh shanim, 'three years'. The parallel in 2 Samuel 24:13 reads seven years in the Masoretic Text, though the Septuagint of Samuel agrees with the three years given here, and three preserves the symmetry of years, months and days. The alternatives escalate in divine directness, from famine to human enemies to the sword of the LORD himself.
- 1 Chronicles 21:15a The verb nicham, 'relented' or 'was grieved', describes a divine change of course, not regret over wrongdoing. The Hebrew of Chronicles names the Jebusite Ornan; Araunah is the parallel form found in 2 Samuel 24. According to 2 Chronicles 3:1, this threshing floor on Mount Moriah became the site where Solomon built the temple, linking the place of averted judgment to the place of atoning sacrifice.
- 1 Chronicles 21:20a The parallel account in 2 Samuel 24:20 does not mention that Araunah or his sons saw the angel. This detail is unique to the Masoretic Text of 1 Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 21:25a 2 Samuel 24:24 records fifty shekels of silver for the threshing floor and oxen, whereas Chronicles gives six hundred shekels of gold for the maqom, 'site' or 'place'. The larger sum has often been understood to cover the entire area that later became the temple precinct, not merely the floor itself.
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