Daniel 8
The full text of Daniel 8 in the Trinity Bible Version — clear modern English, translated from the original Hebrew and Aramaic. Free to read.
1 In the third year of King Belshazzar's reign, I, Daniel, had a vision, after the one that had already appeared to me.
2 In my vision I saw myself in the citadel of Susa, in the province of Elam. In the vision I was beside the Ulai Canal.
3 I looked up, and there before me was a ram with two horns, standing beside the canal, and the horns were long. One was longer than the other, but the longer one grew up later.
4 I watched the ram as it charged toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power. It did as it pleased and became great.
5 As I was thinking about this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes came from the west, crossing the whole earth without touching the ground.
6 It came toward the two-horned ram I had seen standing beside the canal and charged at it in great rage.
7 I saw it attack the ram furiously, striking the ram and shattering its two horns. The ram was powerless to stand against it; the goat knocked it to the ground and trampled on it, and none could rescue the ram from its power.
8 The goat became very great, but at the height of its power, the large horn was broken off, and in its place four prominent horns grew up toward the four winds of heaven.
9 Out of one of them came another horn, which started small but grew in power to the south and to the east and toward the Beautiful Land.
10 It grew until it reached the host of heaven, and it threw some of the starry host down to the earth and trampled on them.
11 It set itself up to be as great as the commander of the host; it took away the daily sacrifice from the commander, and the place of his sanctuary was thrown down.
12 Because of rebellion, the LORD's people and the daily sacrifice were given over to it. It prospered in everything it did, and truth was thrown to the ground.
13 Then I heard a holy one speaking, and another holy one said to the one speaking, "How long will it take for the vision to be fulfilled—the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, the rebellion that causes desolation, the surrender of the sanctuary, and the trampling underfoot of the LORD's people?"
14 He said to me, "It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be reconsecrated."
15 While I, Daniel, was watching the vision and trying to understand it, there before me stood one who looked like a man.
16 And I heard a man's voice from the Ulai calling, "Gabriel, tell this man the meaning of the vision."
17 As he came near the place where I was standing, I was terrified and fell facedown. "Son of man," he said to me, "understand that the vision concerns the time of the end."
18 While he was speaking to me, I fell into a deep sleep, face to the ground. Then he touched me and raised me to my feet.
19 He said: "I am going to tell you what will happen later in the time of wrath, because the vision concerns the appointed time of the end.
20 The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia.
21 The shaggy goat is the king of Greece, and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.
22 The four horns that replaced the one that was broken off represent four kingdoms that will emerge from his nation but will not have the same power.
23 "In the latter part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a fierce-looking king, a master of intrigue, will arise.
24 He will become very strong, but not by his own power. He will cause astounding devastation and will succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy the mighty warriors and the holy people.
25 He will cause deceit to prosper, and he will consider himself superior. When they feel secure, he will destroy many and take his stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he will be destroyed, but not by human power.
26 "The vision of the evenings and mornings that has been given you is true, but seal up the vision, for it concerns the distant future."
27 I, Daniel, was worn out. I lay exhausted for several days. Then I got up and went about the king's business. I was appalled by the vision; it was beyond understanding.
Translation notes (14)
- Daniel 8:3a This is explicitly identified as Media-Persia in verse 20. The two horns represent two component peoples, with the later, longer horn signifying Persia's dominance over Media.
- Daniel 8:5a The goat represents Greece, as stated in verse 21, and its prominent horn symbolizes Alexander the Great. The phrase "without touching the ground" indicates the supernatural speed of his conquests.
- Daniel 8:8a Alexander died at the age of 32 in 323 BC. The four horns represent his four successor kingdoms: Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Syria, Antigonid Macedonia, and Attalid Pergamum.
- Daniel 8:9a "The Beautiful Land" (Hebrew: hatstsevi) refers to Israel or Palestine. The small horn represents Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175–164 BC), who emerged from the Seleucid horn.
- Daniel 8:10a 'Host of heaven' and 'stars' = either angels or God's people (Israel as 'stars,' cf. Gen 15:5; 22:17). Antiochus attacks both heavenly and earthly realities.
- Daniel 8:11a The Hebrew phrase sar hatstsava, meaning "Prince of the host," refers to God. The "daily sacrifice" (tamid) was the twice-daily burnt offering, which Antiochus suspended as part of his suppression of temple worship in 167 BC.
- Daniel 8:12a This can also be translated as "a host was given over to the horn along with the daily sacrifice, in connection with transgression." The original Hebrew text for this verse is notoriously difficult to translate.
- Daniel 8:13a The phrase "the rebellion that causes desolation" (Hebrew: happesha shomem) is related to "the abomination that causes desolation" found in Daniel 9:27, 11:31, and 12:11.
- Daniel 8:14a The "2,300 evenings and mornings" can be interpreted as either 2,300 days (approximately 6.3 years) or 1,150 days (approximately 3.2 years, by counting evening and morning sacrifices as pairs). The latter interpretation better fits the temple desecration period from 167–164 BC.
- Daniel 8:16a This is the first time Gabriel, whose name means "God's warrior" or "God's strength," is named in the Bible. He appears again in Daniel 9:21 and in Luke 1:19, 26.
- Daniel 8:17a Here, "Son of man" refers to a mere human, unlike the divine figure described in Daniel 7:13. The phrase "time of the end" (Hebrew: et qets) raises a question of whether it refers to the absolute end of history or the conclusion of a particular crisis.
- Daniel 8:23a This literally means 'strong of face' and 'understanding riddles/dark sayings,' describing someone with cunning intelligence combined with brazen audacity.
- Daniel 8:24a The phrase 'Not by his own power' could mean that he is empowered by demonic or satanic forces, or it could simply mean that his strength comes from political manipulation rather than military might.
- Daniel 8:25a The title 'Prince of princes' refers to God. The phrase 'Not by human power' can be understood historically, as Antiochus died of disease in 164 BC rather than in battle, or eschatologically, meaning divine intervention will end the final tyrant.
About this translation
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