Job 28
The full text of Job 28 in the Trinity Bible Version — clear modern English, translated from the original Hebrew. Free to read.
1 Surely there is a mine for silver
and a place for gold that they refine.
2 Iron is taken from the earth
and copper is smelted from the ore.
3 Man puts an end to darkness
and searches out to the farthest limit
the ore in the gloom and deep darkness.
4 He opens shafts in a valley away from where anyone lives;
they are forgotten by travelers;
they hang in the air, far from mankind; they swing.
5 As for the earth — from it comes bread,
but beneath it is turned up as by fire.
6 Its stones are the place of sapphires,
and it has dust of gold.
7 That path no bird of prey knows,
and the falcon's eye has not seen it.
8 The proud beasts have not trodden it;
the lion has not passed over it.
9 Man puts his hand to the flinty rock
and overturns mountains at their roots.
10 He cuts out channels in the rocks,
and his eye sees every precious thing.
11 He dams up the streams so that they do not trickle,
and the thing that is hidden he brings out to light.
12 But where is wisdom to be found?
And where is the place of understanding?
13 Man does not know its worth,
and it is not found in the land of the living.
14 The deep says, 'It is not in me,'
and the sea says, 'It is not with me.'
15 It cannot be bought with gold,
nor can silver be weighed as its price.
16 It cannot be valued in the gold of Ophir,
in precious onyx or sapphire.
17 Gold and glass cannot equal it,
nor can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
18 No mention shall be made of coral or crystal;
the price of wisdom is above pearls.
19 The topaz of Ethiopia cannot compare with it,
nor can it be valued in pure gold.
20 From where, then, does wisdom come?
And where is the place of understanding?
21 It is hidden from the eyes of all living
and concealed from the birds of the air.
22 Abaddon and Death say,
'We have heard a rumor of it with our ears.'
23 God understands the way to it,
and he knows its place.
24 For he looks to the ends of the earth
and sees everything under the heavens.
25 When he gave to the wind its weight
and apportioned the waters by measure,
26 when he made a decree for the rain
and a way for the lightning of the thunder,
27 then he saw it and declared it;
he established it, and searched it out.
28 And he said to man,
'Behold, the fear of the LORD — that is wisdom,
and to turn from evil is understanding.'
Translation notes (10)
- Job 28:4a The Hebrew of this verse is among the most obscure in Job. The phrase me'im-gar, literally 'away from the sojourner', is taken here to mean far from any habitation, and the verbs dallu, 'they hang down', and na'u, 'they sway', are widely understood to picture miners suspended on ropes in the shafts, a scene without parallel elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible.
- Job 28:5a Hebrew haphak (הפך), 'overturn,' with kemo esh (כמו אש), 'like fire,' underlies 'turned up as by fire'; many take this as an allusion to fire‑setting in mining that fractures rock, though others see subterranean or volcanic heat. The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint both read 'fire'.
- Job 28:11a The Masoretic Text reads mibbeki (מִבְּכִי), 'from the trickling', from a root meaning 'to weep', yielding the sense of damming seepage in a mine shaft. The Septuagint and Vulgate presuppose mabbekhe, 'the sources of', a phrase paralleled in the Ugaritic expression mbk nhrm, 'the sources of the rivers'. The verb chibbesh, 'he binds', suits either reading.
- Job 28:12a The Hebrew pairs chokhmah (חכמה), 'wisdom', with binah (בינה), 'understanding', a common collocation in wisdom texts. The adverb me'ayin (מֵאַיִן), 'from where', may also echo ayin (אַיִן), 'nothing', by wordplay, heightening the elusiveness of the theme. The double question is repeated in verse 20, framing the poem.
- Job 28:13a Hebrew erek, 'value/estimation' (ערך), here with a third feminine singular suffix ('her value'), is a technical term for an assessed price (notably in Leviticus 27), underscoring that wisdom defies appraisal; rendered here as 'worth'. The idiom 'land of the living' (erets ha-chayyim, ארץ החיים) denotes the human realm.
- Job 28:16a Ophir was the proverbial source of the finest gold in the ancient Near East; Solomon's fleet brought gold from there (1 Kings 9:28), and an eighth-century BC ostracon from Tell Qasile records 'gold of Ophir'. Its location is uncertain, with southwest Arabia, East Africa and India all proposed. The stone here called sapphire, sappir, likely denotes lapis lazuli, since faceted sapphire was unknown at this period.
- Job 28:18a The identity of peninim (פְּנִינִים), rendered here as 'pearls', is uncertain; proposals include pearls, coral, and rubies, the last familiar from the King James tradition. Lamentations 4:7, where peninim are described as ruddy, favors a reddish substance such as coral, but since ramot, 'coral', appears earlier in this verse, 'pearls' preserves the distinction.
- Job 28:21a The phrase 'birds of the air' renders Hebrew ʿof haššāmayim, 'birds of the heavens' (עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם), a recurring idiom (Genesis 1:26; Psalm 8:8; Ecclesiastes 10:20). It evokes the birds' aerial vantage, a figure for comprehensive sight; the Septuagint similarly has 'birds of the sky'.
- Job 28:22a Abaddon transliterates the Hebrew avaddon (אֲבַדּוֹן), 'destruction' or 'place of ruin', from the verb avad, 'to perish'. Elsewhere a poetic name for the realm of the dead paired with Sheol (Job 26:6; Proverbs 15:11), here it is personified alongside Death as a speaking figure. The name reappears in Greek form as Apollyon in Revelation 9:11.
- Job 28:28a The Hebrew here reads yirat Adonai, 'the fear of the Lord', the only occurrence of the title Adonai in Job, where the poetry otherwise prefers El, Eloah and Shaddai. The couplet pairs chokmah, 'wisdom', with binah, 'understanding', bringing the poem of chapter 28 to the same conclusion voiced in Proverbs 1:7 and 9:10, that wisdom begins in reverence toward God.
About this translation
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